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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background: #78CDED;">
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<p><b>Advanced Placement</b> (<b>AP</b>) <b>Precalculus</b> (also known as <b>AP Precalc</b>) is an <a href="Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a> <a href="Precalculus" title="Precalculus">precalculus</a> course and examination, offered by the <a href="College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a>, in development since 2021<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and announced in May 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The course debuted in the fall of 2023, with the first exam session taking place in May 2024. The course and examination are designed to teach and assess precalculus concepts, as a foundation for a wide variety of <a href="Science%2C_technology%2C_engineering%2C_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a> fields and careers, and are not solely designed as preparation for future mathematics courses such as <a href="AP_Calculus" title="AP Calculus">AP Calculus AB/BC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pdf_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdf-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2></div><p>
According to the College Board, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">
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</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Offering a college-level precalculus course in high school will give students a new and valuable option for improving math readiness and staying on track for college.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>AP Precalculus centers on functions modeling dynamic phenomena. This research-based exploration of functions is designed to better prepare students for college-level calculus and provide grounding for other mathematics and science courses. In this course, students study a broad spectrum of function types that are foundational for careers in mathematics, physics, biology, health science, social science, and data science. Furthermore, as AP Precalculus may be the last mathematics course of a student's secondary education, the course is structured to provide a coherent capstone experience and is not exclusively focused on preparation for future courses.<sup id="cite_ref-pdf_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdf-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Topic_outline">Topic outline</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unit_1:_Polynomial_and_Rational_Functions_(6–6.5_weeks)">Unit 1: Polynomial and Rational Functions (6–6.5 weeks)</h3></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>#
</th>
<th>Topic Title
</th>
<th>Recommended Instructional Periods
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.1
</td>
<td>Change in Tandem
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.2
</td>
<td>Rates of Change
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.3
</td>
<td>Rates of Change in Linear and Quadratic Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.4
</td>
<td>Polynomial Functions and Rates of Change
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.5
</td>
<td>Polynomial Functions and Complex Zeros
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.6
</td>
<td>Polynomial Functions and End Behavior
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.7
</td>
<td>Rational Functions and End Behavior
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.8
</td>
<td>Rational Functions and Zeros
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.9
</td>
<td>Rational Functions and Vertical Asymptotes
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.10
</td>
<td>Rational Functions and Holes
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.11
</td>
<td>Equivalent Representations of Polynomial and Rational Expressions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.12
</td>
<td>Transformations of Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.13
</td>
<td>Function Model Selection and Assumption Articulation
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1.14
</td>
<td>Function Model Construction and Application
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unit_2:_Exponential_and_Logarithmic_Functions_(6–6.5_weeks)">Unit 2: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions (6–6.5 weeks)</h3></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>#
</th>
<th>Topic Title
</th>
<th>Recommended Instructional Periods
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.1
</td>
<td>Change in Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.2
</td>
<td>Change in Linear and Exponential Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.3
</td>
<td>Exponential Functions
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.4
</td>
<td>Exponential Function Manipulation
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.5
</td>
<td>Exponential Function Context and Data Modeling
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.6
</td>
<td>Competing Function Model Validation
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.7
</td>
<td>Composition of Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.8
</td>
<td>Inverse Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.9
</td>
<td>Logarithmic Expressions
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.10
</td>
<td>Inverses of Exponential Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.11
</td>
<td>Logarithmic Functions
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.12
</td>
<td>Logarithmic Function Manipulation
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.13
</td>
<td>Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities
</td>
<td>3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.14
</td>
<td>Logarithmic Function Context and Data Modeling
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2.15
</td>
<td>Semi-log Plots
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unit_3:_Trigonometric_and_Polar_Functions_(7–7.5_weeks)">Unit 3: Trigonometric and Polar Functions (7–7.5 weeks)</h3></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>#
</th>
<th>Topic Title
</th>
<th>Recommended Instructional Periods
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.1
</td>
<td>Periodic Phenomena
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.2
</td>
<td>Sine, Cosine, and Tangent
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.3
</td>
<td>Sine and Cosine Function Values
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.4
</td>
<td>Sine and Cosine Function Graphs
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.5
</td>
<td>Sinusoidal Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.6
</td>
<td>Sinusoidal Function Transformations
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.7
</td>
<td>Sinusoidal Function Context and Data Modeling
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.8
</td>
<td>The Tangent Function
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.9
</td>
<td>Inverse Trigonometric Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.10
</td>
<td>Trigonometric Equations and Inequalities
</td>
<td>3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.11
</td>
<td>The Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.12
</td>
<td>Equivalent Representations of Trigonometric Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.13
</td>
<td>Trigonometry and Polar Coordinates
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.14
</td>
<td>Polar Function Graphs
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3.15
</td>
<td>Rates of Change in Polar Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unit_4:_Functions_Involving_Parameters,_Vectors,_and_Matrices_(7–7.5_weeks)">Unit 4: Functions Involving Parameters, Vectors, and Matrices (7–7.5 weeks)</h3></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>#
</th>
<th>Topic Title
</th>
<th>Recommended Instructional Periods
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.1
</td>
<td>Parametric Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.2
</td>
<td>Parametric Functions Modeling Planar Motion
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.3
</td>
<td>Parametric Functions and Rates of Change
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.4
</td>
<td>Parametrically Defined Circles and Lines
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.5
</td>
<td>Implicitly Defined Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.6
</td>
<td>Conic Sections
</td>
<td>3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.7
</td>
<td>Parametrization of Implicitly Defined Functions
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.8
</td>
<td>Vectors
</td>
<td>3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.9
</td>
<td>Vector-Valued Functions
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.10
</td>
<td>Matrices
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.11
</td>
<td>The Inverse and Determinant of a Matrix
</td>
<td>2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.12
</td>
<td>Linear Transformations and Matrices
</td>
<td>1
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.13
</td>
<td>Matrices as Functions
</td>
<td>3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4.14
</td>
<td>Matrices Modeling Contexts
</td>
<td>3
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Note that Unit 4 will not be tested on the AP Precalculus exam.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exam">Exam</h2></div>
<p>The exam is composed of 2 sections, each with 2 different types of questions.
</p><p>Section I consists of 40 multiple choice questions. 28 do not allow the use of a calculator, while the last 12 do allow a calculator. The non-calculator section is worth 43.75% of the exam score, while the calculator section is worth 18.75%. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Section II of the Exam includes 4 free response questions, with 2 not allowing a calculator and 2 allowing use of a calculator. Section II is worth 37.5% of the exam score, with the non-calculator and calculator sections weighed equally.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>AP Precalculus exams will be scored on the standard 1–5 AP scale, with 5 signifying that the student is "extremely well qualified" for equivalent college credit and 1 signifying "no recommendation."<sup id="cite_ref-pdf_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdf-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The 2025 AP Precalculus exam is set to take place on Tuesday, May 13, 2025 at 8AM local time.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Score_distribution">Score distribution</h3></div>
<p>All information comes from the official College Board website.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Score
</th>
<th>2024
</th>
<th>2025
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th>5
</th>
<td>25.9%
</td>
<td>28%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>4
</th>
<td>23.9%
</td>
<td>26%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>3
</th>
<td>25.9%
</td>
<td>27%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>2
</th>
<td>14.6%
</td>
<td>11%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>1
</th>
<td>9.8%
</td>
<td>8%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>% of scores 3 or higher
</th>
<td>75.6%
</td>
<td>81%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Mean
</th>
<td>3.42
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Standard deviation
</th>
<td>1.28
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Number of students
</th>
<td>184,394
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Mathematics_education_in_the_United_States" title="Mathematics education in the United States">Mathematics education in the United States</a></li></ul>
<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathvalues.org/masterblog/thoughts-on-advanced-placement-precalculus">"MAA Blog: Thoughts on AP Precalculus"</a>. <i>MATH VALUES</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522211915/https://www.mathvalues.org/masterblog/thoughts-on-advanced-placement-precalculus">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.collegeboard.org/new-ap-precalculus-course-will-expand-access-stem-majors-and-careers">"New AP Precalculus Course Will Expand Access to STEM Majors and Careers – Newsroom"</a>. <i>newsroom.collegeboard.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522211504/https://newsroom.collegeboard.org/new-ap-precalculus-course-will-expand-access-stem-majors-and-careers">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-pdf-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pdf_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pdf_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pdf_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">College Board, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-precalculus-proposed-course-framework.pdf">AP® Precalculus Proposed Course Framework</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516173732/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-precalculus-proposed-course-framework.pdf">Archived</a> 2022-05-16 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", 2022. Accessed 26 May 2022.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-precalculus">"AP Precalculus – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <i>AP Central</i>. 2022-04-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522211451/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-precalculus">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-26</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-precalculus/course-framework">"AP Precalculus Course Framework – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220910160946/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-precalculus/course-framework">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-10</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/about-ap-scores/score-distributions/ap-precalculus">"Past AP Precalculus Score Distributions"</a>. <i>College Board</i>. <a href="College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-03</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<p><br>
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